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Typhoid fever remains a global public health concern, with 11–21 million infections and up to 188 000 deaths annually. While South Africa records a relatively low incidence (0.1/100 000), recent outbreaks in areas such as Hammanskraal and Bronkhorstspruit underscore the ongoing challenges linked to water safety, sanitation, and disease surveillance. Despite overall improvements, sporadic outbreaks persist, often worsened by overcrowding and inadequate infrastructure, highlighting the need for sustained vigilance and strengthened prevention and response systems.